Engine exhaust fumes from burning ethanol

Description

Ethanol fuel was burned in a single-cylinder engine. For various settings of the engine compression and equivalence ratio, the emissions of nitrogen oxides were recorded.

Usage

ethanol

Format

A data frame with 88 observations on the following 3 variables.

NOx

Concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) in micrograms/J.

C

Compression ratio of the engine.

E

Equivalence ratio–a measure of the richness of the air and ethanol fuel mixture.

Author(s)

Documentation contributed by Kevin Wright.

Source

Brinkman, N.D. (1981) Ethanol Fuel—A Single-Cylinder Engine Study of Efficiency and Exhaust Emissions. SAE transactions, 90, 1410–1424.

References

Cleveland, William S. (1993). Visualizing Data. Hobart Press, Summit, New Jersey.

Examples

## Constructing panel functions on the fly
EE <- equal.count(ethanol$E, number=9, overlap=1/4)
xyplot(NOx ~ C | EE, data = ethanol,
       prepanel = function(x, y) prepanel.loess(x, y, span = 1),
       xlab = "Compression ratio", ylab = "NOx (micrograms/J)",
       panel = function(x, y) {
           panel.grid(h=-1, v= 2)
           panel.xyplot(x, y)
           panel.loess(x,y, span=1)
       },
       aspect = "xy")

# Wireframe loess surface fit.  See Figure 4.61 from Cleveland.
require(stats)
with(ethanol, {
  eth.lo <- loess(NOx ~ C * E, span = 1/3, parametric = "C", 
                        drop.square = "C", family="symmetric")
  eth.marginal <- list(C = seq(min(C), max(C), length = 25), 
                             E = seq(min(E), max(E), length = 25))
  eth.grid <- expand.grid(eth.marginal)
  eth.fit <- predict(eth.lo, eth.grid)
  wireframe(eth.fit ~ eth.grid$C * eth.grid$E,
            shade=TRUE,
            screen = list(z = 40, x = -60, y=0),
            distance = .1,
            xlab = "C", ylab = "E", zlab = "NOx")
})