| formatC {base} | R Documentation |
Formatting numbers individually and flexibly, using C style
format specifications.
formatC(x, digits = NULL, width = NULL,
format = NULL, flag = "", mode = NULL,
big.mark = "", big.interval = 3,
small.mark = "", small.interval = 5,
decimal.mark = ".", preserve.width = "individual")
prettyNum(x, big.mark = "", big.interval = 3,
small.mark = "", small.interval = 5,
decimal.mark = ".",
preserve.width = c("common", "individual", "none"),
zero.print = NULL, ...)
x |
an atomic numerical or character object, typically a vector of real numbers. |
digits |
the desired number of digits after the decimal
point (format = "f") or significant digits
(format = "g", = "e" or = "fg").
Default: 2 for integer, 4 for real numbers. If less than 0, the C default of 6 digits is used. |
width |
the total field width; if both digits and
width are unspecified, width defaults to 1,
otherwise to digits + 1. width = 0 will use
width = digits, width < 0 means left
justify the number in this field (equivalent to flag ="-").
If necessary, the result will have more characters than width. |
format |
equal to "d" (for integers), "f",
"e", "E", "g", "G", "fg" (for
reals), or "s" (for strings). Default is "d" for
integers, "g" for reals.
"f" gives numbers in the usual
xxx.xxx format; "e" and "E" give n.ddde+nn or
n.dddE+nn (scientific format); "g" and "G" put
x[i] into scientific format only if it saves space to do so.
"fg" uses fixed format as "f", but digits as
the minimum number of significant digits. That this can lead
to quite long result strings, see examples below. Note that unlike
signif this prints large numbers with
more significant digits than digits. |
flag |
For formatC, a character string giving a
format modifier as in Kernighan and Ritchie (1988, page 243).
"0" pads leading zeros; "-" does left adjustment,
others are "+", " ", and "#". There can be
more than one of these, in any order.
|
mode |
"double" (or "real"), "integer" or
"character".
Default: Determined from the storage mode of x. |
big.mark |
character; if not empty used as mark between every
big.interval decimals before (hence big) the
decimal point. |
big.interval |
see big.mark above; defaults to 3. |
small.mark |
character; if not empty used as mark between every
small.interval decimals after (hence small) the
decimal point. |
small.interval |
see small.mark above; defaults to 5. |
decimal.mark |
the character to be used to indicate the numeric decimal point. |
preserve.width |
string specifying if the string widths should
be preserved where possible in those cases where marks
(big.mark or small.mark) are added. "common",
the default, corresponds to format-like behavior
whereas "individual" is the default in
formatC(). |
zero.print |
logical, character string or NULL specifying
if and how zeros should be formatted specially. Useful for
pretty printing “sparse” objects. |
... |
arguments passed to format. |
If you set format it overrides the setting of mode, so
formatC(123.45, mode="double", format="d") gives 123.
The rendering of scientific format is platform-dependent: some systems
use n.ddde+nnn or n.dddenn rather than n.ddde+nn.
formatC does not necessarily align the numbers on the decimal
point, so formatC(c(6.11, 13.1), digits=2, format="fg") gives
c("6.1", " 13"). If you want common formatting for several
numbers, use format.
prettyNum is the utility function for prettifying x. If
x is not a character, format(x[i], ...) is applied to
each element, and then it is left unchanged if all the other arguments
are at their defaults. Note that prettyNum(x) may behave
unexpectedly if x is a character vector not resulting from
something like format(<number>): in particular it assumes that
a period is a decimal mark.
A character object of same size and attributes as x.
Unlike format, each number is formatted individually.
Looping over each element of x, the C function
sprintf(...) is called (inside the C function str_signif).
formatC: for character x, do
simple (left or right) padding with white space.
formatC was originally written by Bill Dunlap, later much
improved by Martin Maechler.
It was first adapted for R by Friedrich Leisch.
Kernighan, B. W. and Ritchie, D. M. (1988) The C Programming Language. Second edition. Prentice Hall.
sprintf for more general C like formatting.
xx <- pi * 10^(-5:4)
cbind(format(xx, digits=4), formatC(xx))
cbind(formatC(xx, wid = 9, flag = "-"))
cbind(formatC(xx, dig = 5, wid = 8, format = "f", flag = "0"))
cbind(format(xx, digits=4), formatC(xx, dig = 4, format = "fg"))
formatC( c("a", "Abc", "no way"), wid = -7) # <=> flag = "-"
formatC(c((-1:1)/0,c(1,100)*pi), wid=8, dig=1)
xx <- c(1e-12,-3.98765e-10,1.45645e-69,1e-70,pi*1e37,3.44e4)
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
formatC(xx)
formatC(xx, format="fg") # special "fixed" format.
formatC(xx, format="f", dig=80)#>> also long strings
r <- c("76491283764.97430", "29.12345678901", "-7.1234", "-100.1","1123")
## American:
prettyNum(r, big.mark = ",")
## Some Europeans:
prettyNum(r, big.mark = "'", decimal.mark = ",")
(dd <- sapply(1:10, function(i)paste((9:0)[1:i],collapse="")))
prettyNum(dd, big.mark="'")
## examples of 'small.mark'
pN <- stats::pnorm(1:7, lower=FALSE)
cbind(format (pN, small.mark = " ", digits = 15))
cbind(formatC(pN, small.mark = " ", digits = 17, format = "f"))
cbind(ff <- format(1.2345 + 10^(0:5), width = 11, big.mark = "'"))
## all with same width (one more than the specified minimum)
## individual formatting to common width:
fc <- formatC(1.234 + 10^(0:8), format="fg", width=11, big.mark = "'")
cbind(fc)