| Memory {base} | R Documentation |
Use command line options to control the memory available for R.
Rgui --min-vsize=vl --max-vsize=vu --min-nsize=nl --max-nsize=nu --max-ppsize=N Rterm --min-vsize=vl --max-vsize=vu --min-nsize=nl --max-nsize=nu --max-ppsize=N mem.limits(nsize = NA, vsize = NA)
vl, vu, vsize |
Heap memory in bytes. |
nl, nu, nsize |
Number of cons cells. |
N |
Number of nested PROTECT calls. |
.
R has a variable-sized workspace. There is much less need to set memory options than prior to R 1.2.0, and most users will never need to set these. They are provided both as a way to control the overall memory usage (which can also be done using the option --max-mem-size on Windows), and since setting larger values of the minima will make R slightly more efficient on large tasks.
(On Windows the --max-mem-size option sets the maximum memory
allocation: it has a minimum allowed value of 32M. This is intended
to catch attempts to allocate excessive amounts of memory which may
cause other processes to run out of resources. The default is the
smaller of the amount of physical RAM in the machine and 1024Mb.
See also memory.limit.)
To understand the options, one needs to know that R maintains
separate areas for fixed and variable sized objects. The first of these
is allocated as an array of “cons cells” (Lisp programmers will
know what they are, others may think of them as the building blocks of
the language itself, parse trees, etc.), and the second are thrown on a
“heap” of “Vcells” of 8 bytes each. Effectively,
the inputs vl and vu are rounded up to the next
multiple of 8.
Each cons cell occupies 28 bytes on a 32-bit machine, (usually) 56 bytes on a 64-bit machine.
The --*-nsize options can be used to specify the number of
cons cells and the --*-vsize options specify the size of the
vector heap in bytes. Both options must be integers or integers
followed by G, M, K, or k meaning
Giga (2^{30} = 1073741824) Mega (2^{20} =
1048576), (computer) Kilo (2^{10} = 1024), or regular
kilo (1000).
The --min-* options set the minimal sizes for the number of cons cells and for the vector heap. These values are also the initial values, but thereafter R will grow or shrink the areas depending on usage, but never exceeding the limits set by the --max-* options nor decreasing below the initial values.
The default values are currently minima of 350k cons cells,
6Mb of vector heap
and no maxima (other than machine resources). The maxima can be
changed during an R session by calling mem.limits. (If this is
called with the default values, it reports the current settings.)
You can find out the current memory consumption (the heap and cons
cells used as numbers and megabytes) by typing gc() at the
R prompt. Note that following gcinfo(TRUE), automatic
garbage collection always prints memory use statistics. Maxima will
never be reduced below the current values for triggering garbage
collection, and attempts to do so will be silently ignored.
The option --max-ppsize controls the maximum size of the pointer protection stack. This defaults to 50000, but can be increased to allow deep recursion or large and complicated calculations to be done. Note that parts of the garbage collection process goes through the full reserved pointer protection stack and hence becomes slower when the size is increased. Currently the maximum value accepted is 500000.
mem.limits() returns an integer vector giving the current
settings of the maxima, possibly NA.
An Introduction to R for more command-line options
Memory-limits for the design limitations.
gc for information on the garbage collector and total
memory usage, object.size(a) for the (approximate)
size of R object a. memory.profile for
profiling the usage of cons cells.
memory.size to monitor total memory usage,
memory.limit for the current limit.
# Start R with 10MB of heap memory and 500k cons cells, limit to # 100Mb and 1M cells ## Not run: ## Unix R --min-vsize=10M --max-vsize=100M --min-nsize=500k --max-nsize=1M ## End(Not run)